Began an unprecedented popular uprising on Tuesday the twenty-fifth of January 2011 to protest the living conditions and political and economic conditions once considered corrupt under the rule of President Hosni Mubarak.
Was the revolution that overthrew the popular Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali a significant impact in sparking public anger in Egypt towards the continuation of the Mubarak regime.
The focus of the spark that erupted because of the revolution "lotus" has also become known as the media at several points, including:
- Emergency Law
A law in place since 1967, with the exception of a break for 18 months in the early eighties, and under this Act expanded the authority of the police and suspended constitutional rights and imposed censorship, and under the law down hard on any political activity is a government such as "organizing demonstrations, and political organizations is not authorized, and the prohibition of any officially registered non-financial contributions. "
Under this law, was detained for more than 17,000 people, and the number of political prisoners as the highest estimate of 30,000 prisoners.
The emergency law gives the government the right to detain any person for an indefinite period for a reason or without, a person can not defend himself and the government can keep him in jail without trial.
Successive governments have worked in Egypt to keep the force of this law on the pretext of maintaining national security.
- Influence of police
Under the emergency law suffered Egyptian citizens from injustice and violation of their rights, which is the method of arrest, imprisonment and murder, and most famous of these events murder of a young Alexandrian Khalid Mohammed Said, who died at the hands of police in the region of Sidi Gaber on the sixth of June 2010, after he was beaten and dragged to death in front of a number of eyewitnesses.
And the death of another young man is Mr. Bilal during his detention at SSI in Alexandria, after being tortured in the aftermath of the bombing Saints Church in Alexandria.
The total victims of violence, the Egyptian Interior Ministry to about 350 (martyr) in the last three years, according to estimates by human rights organizations.
- Hosni Mubarak
Continue the presidential term of Hosni Mubarak since 1981, and for thirty years been in Egypt for theft and looting of his court and ministers of successive governments, has had a significant impact on the economic and social deterioration in addition to the significant decline in the level of education and high rates of unemployment and crime.
- Poor economic conditions, social and political
In the report of Transparency International (an international organization to monitor all forms of corruption including political corruption) evaluated the Egypt of 3.1 in 2010 based on the perceptions of the degree of corruption, from businessmen and analysts, the state, where 10 is very clean and 0 means highly corrupt. It occupies Egypt ranked 98 of the country out of 178 listed in the report.
With the end of 2010 reached last year, Egypt's total population living below the poverty line for about 40%, the total per capita income of about two dollars a day.
- Increasing levels of poverty
The dramatic increase in population (more than 81,713,517 according to the latest estimates of 2008), focusing the bulk of this number in the narrow strip on the banks of the Nile in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15000 square miles) in the increasing rates of poverty and unemployment.
- Export gas to Israel.
In 2004, entered into four contracts under which Egypt to export natural gas to Israel, the work extends to the year 2030.
And caused the crises in decades because of opposition from several oil experts and former ambassadors, especially the export enclave that does not begin only when there is surplus money available in Egypt.
And considered that contracts a waste of public money and a compliment to Israel as well as marred by corruption and lack of transparency, called the Supreme Administrative Court to issue the provisions of the nullity of the decision, Minister of Petroleum Sameh Fahmi on his nomination as directors of public companies to sell gas to the Company, Salem, which in turn export to the Israeli Electricity Company.
- Elections of the People's Assembly and Shura Council
About two months before the outbreak of protests were held in Egypt's elections to the People's Assembly and Shura Council, which claimed the ruling National Democratic Party for more than 95% of the seats in both houses, wiping out the full representation of the opposition.
Which hit the frustrated citizens, and the payment of various political forces to describe the worst parliamentary elections in Egyptian history because it is contrary to fact in the Egyptian street. In addition to violating the rights of the Egyptian judiciary to supervise them after the overthrow of the provisions of the illegality of the judiciary in some constituencies. And prevent the Brotherhood from participating in a legal manner.
- The bombing of the Church of the saints in Alexandria
A terrorist attack occurred in Alexandria in the first New Year's Day 2011, the center of Christmas celebrations for the Eastern Churches.
The operation resulted in the occurrence of 25 people (including Muslims) were also injured about 97 others.
Interesting thing is that some papers that were found in the last few days describing the involvement of the Egyptian Interior Ministry (information not confirmed) and they were behind the bombing the help of terrorist groups, and there is a secret weapon was founded twenty-two officers and under the supervision of the Minister of the Interior, "Habib al-Adli" to intimidate citizens and undermine their sense of security, and promote the ideas of sectarian strife.
- The phenomenon of Albuazizih
Although the phenomenon of Albuazizih attributed to the Tunisian Mohammed that sparked the uprising Bouazizi Tunisian burned himself, ashamed of the history of the phenomenon mentioned, but it has led to spark Arab revolts and overthrow dictators and prosecuting corrupt and the tyrants in several countries.
A week before the beginning of the events, four Egyptian nationals in the Tuesday, January 18, 2011 set fire to themselves in a separate protest on the living conditions and economic and political bad they are:
Farouk Mohammed Hassan (Cairo)
Syed Ali (Cairo)
Mr. Ahmed Hashim (Alexandria)
Sorour Mohamed Ashour (Cairo)
- Social networking sites on the Internet
May not be classified social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter) as a major cause of the revolution "lotus", but it remains a link drive and important events.
It is through a page or group "We are all Khaled Said" on Facebook, was called for demonstrations on the anger in the twenty-fifth of January 2011, also had a page or group a significant role in the coordination between the young and the transfer of resonance confrontations with the security men.
When the revolution began on January 25 was composed of young people who watched or joined to a page (we are all Khaled Said) and then turned into a revolution in which all sects of the Egyptian people.
